The Sorry State of Health Care in Texas

The American system for providing access to health care is in a state of collapse. That’s not news. But you might be interested to know that the great State of Texas is in worse shape than almost any other.

Last night a task force, made up mostly of the major Texas teaching hospitals, presented its report on the subject titled Code Red: The Critical Condition of Health Care in Texas. The facts illustrating this crisis aren’t breaking news either, but they are worth looking at if only for their pure shock value.

Twenty-five percent of Texans are uninsured, compared to the national average of 15%. In the Houston metropolitan area that figure jumps to one-third—about 1,000,000 people.

In 2004, 40% of the state’s Hispanic population was uninsured. New immigrants are largely uninsured, but represent only about 18% of the state’s total uninsured population.

In Texas, 22% of children are uninsured. The national average is 12%.

The average cost of private health insurance for a family of four in 2005 was $9,100—approximately half the annual income of a family at 100% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). A family making $40,000 a year, which is above the state average, would pay about one-quarter of its annual income for health insurance.

Most employers in Texas have fewer than 50 employees. Only 37% of them can afford to offer their employees health benefits. Worse yet, only 35% of those employees can afford to actually enroll. Seventy-nine percent of uninsured adults in Texas are in the workforce or have one or more working family member. Two out of three have incomes below 200% FPL.

Medicaid is an important source of insurance for poor people, but not in Texas. State legislatures determine eligibility based on income as a percentage of FPL. In the enlightened state of Minnesota that is 275% for a non-working parent. In Texas it’s 14%. That’s $1,300 a year. If you get a good tip and make $1,500 you lose your eligibility.

Limiting Medicaid spending was a short-sighted way for the Texas Legislature to cut costs, but for every dollar the state refuses to spend on Medicaid it is throwing away $1.50 in federal matching funds. This is pretty important because it has a direct affect on the ability of hospitals to offer residency programs and, you guessed it, Texas also has a shortage of doctors. It also limits the viability of Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC), the clinics that treat many of the uninsured, because they rely for their survival on reimbursements from patients who are covered by Medicaid. Not surprisingly, Texas is also way behind in this category. Chicago, for example, has more than 70 FQHCs. Houston has 10.

Access to health care should be at the top of everybody’s domestic issue list for a number of reasons. I hope to explore many of them in future posts. For now, consider this the next time you pay your premium bill—if you’re lucky enough to be insured: 20% of that payment is going to offset the cost of your uninsured neighbors.

You can read Code Red here.